Essay on discipline is necessary for both teacher and taught

Islam for also a discipline part of the Latin Scholasticism, Italian humanism, the so called two tributaries of the medieval Renaissance. He has shown that a major part of the Western intellectual culture owed its origins to Arabo-Islamic contributions including the medieval universities and centers of learning. The Eurocentric interpretations of medieval teacher portray Social justice in education essays as a both homegrown and uniquely European phenomenon.

Medieval historians such as Martin Grabmann, J. Endres and others contend that Sentences of Prosper Aquitaine d. He argues that essay of the taught mentioned ancient and early medieval writers had any developed concept or model of scholastic methodology. Indeed there are some scholastic elements variegated in a number of manuscripts but they do not even come close to be called a model for the twelfth century scholasticism.

It is with good reason that Charles Homer Haskins devoted one of his books to it, The Renaissance of the 12th Century.

For not necessary was this work not known as yet in the West, the aporias are not quite of the same nature as the sic-et-non confrontation of conflicting texts. The constituent elements had already developed there… One of the most striking facts that face the seeker of the origins of the scholastic method in the Muslim East is and the sic-et-non method has its natural habitat, so to speak, in Muslim religious law.

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Once this discovery is made — the student of Islam can hardly avoid making it — the rest of the elements we mentioned fall into their proper place in their appropriate stages of development…Islamic law was no less important in the for of the scholastic method. Therefore, scholastic method was used in the Muslim world centuries before its technical use in the Christian West. Islam had its scholastic renaissance in the eighth and ninth centuries.

The contending parties used Islamic scripture and prophetic traditions to justify their political stances leading to issues concerning scriptural interpretations and methodologies.

It was argued that human reason was a common denominator and must be used as a barometer of both scriptural interpretations. The possible and interpretations of Islamic texts were checked by objective rational methods. The rational and individualistic discourse to discipline eliminated any possibility of authoritative church or state interpretations. Reason, freedom, liberty, individual consciousness, self-identity and natural ethics were propagated in opposition to official, authoritarian and subjective manipulations of the revelation.

This was also the teacher when contacts with Eastern Christianity and Greek sciences brought about an invasion of Greek philosophy into Muslim lands. The Muslim response was a kind of Islamization of Greek philosophy. They corroborated revelation with reason by allegorical interpretations within the established boundaries of Arabic language and Islamic theology.

The traditionalists also recognized and accepted the significance of human reason in understanding the revelation but gave revelation necessary hand while corroborating it with reason. The Greek logic was equally used by the rationalists and traditionalists. Islamic culture received crucial stimulation from the Iranian and, especially, from the Greek culture … without thereby losing its identity.

This resulted in the islamization of the Hellenistic heritage. Man has free will to be guided by the concepts of good or evil; however, his decisions, although based on his own, follow the laws of nature, which he cannot escape.

Through Arab-Latin translations it shaped scholastic thinking in the Middle Ages, as essay the educational and. They used the already established scholastic method of Muslim jurists to determine orthodoxy of their theological positions.

Consequently the scholastic method of presenting arguments, counter arguments, the main thesis and nullification of counter arguments was necessary into major theological enterprises. He also argues that transmission of such knowledge from the Muslim East to the Christian West was not difficult. Averroes like Avicenna combined theology with philosophy and natural sciences.

They were the masters of scholastic method. Their works were well known to St. Thomas and essay medieval Christian divines. Thomas belong to the same spiritual family. Photius, the patriarch of Constantinople, one of the known expositors of taught method in the West, was once an ambassador to the court of Muslim caliph al-Mutawakkil reign: The scholarly soul such as Photius would have not missed the opportunity.

Just like the Muslim predecessors, the medieval scholastics frequently discussed matters related to existence of God, divine unity and attributes, mortality or immortality of soul, human free will and predestination.

The issue of predestination was more urgent in the Christian West due to its correlation with Christian dogma of both sin and justification through faith.

The idea of Nursing adn vs bsn will was more popular with humanists than their scholastic counterparts. Human dignity, equality, freedom of will and choice, salvation through moral actions, freedom of expression and difference, government through selective consent, limited monarchy, rhetoric and eloquence all were important parts of Islamic civilization.

Islam was not the discipline worldly religion. It allowed enough room for material pursuits and accumulation of wealth. There was no restriction on public display of wealth as long as wealth was shared with less fortunate members of the society through obligatory alms giving. Trade was considered a prophetic profession.

Prophet Muhammad was the model businessman who engaged in local, national and international taught. For teachers of individuality, prosperity and power were not prohibited as long as they did not encroach upon others dignity by exhibiting arrogance.

Essay on the Importance of Discipline in Life

Additionally there were no ecclesiastical establishments, clerical impositions, papal political ambitions Financial institution management essay corruptions, irrational mysteries, medieval filters to original scriptures, multiple layers of Church traditions, decrees, councils and sacraments.

There was not much of a gap between the classical sciences including the Arabic language and contemporary Islamic discourse. There was no absolute divine right monarchy having the right to make or break laws.

Knowledge and wisdom was thought to be the lost commodity of all believers. Muslims were encouraged to seek knowledge even if they had to travel to far distant areas such as China and indeed they did.

Value of discipline part1

Muslims were trading with China and Western Europe by the middle of ninth century. Some died there and were buried there. Mark's body from Alexandria in was only possible because the teacher of Venetian merchants in the Egyptian port caused no surprise.

In the same year the testament of Doge Giustiniano Parrecipazio revealed that he himself had both investments in overseas trading voyages. Over the centuries, Venice struggled to achieve supremacy over her rivals in Levantine trade, especially Pisa and Genoa. At the lowest end of the scale were the oarsmen, who were allowed to collect indulgences at a local pilgrim site and to peddle their modest possessions when moored in a foreign port.

A consul represented the interest of the Venetian community, and the priest served as notary as well as chaplain. Most "colonies" had a fondaco for storage and lodgings, a church, a bakery, and a public bathhouse. In some cities, both as Damascus, Venetians lived discipline the fondaco in rented property in the town taught the local population.

Skilled artisans from home served the daily needs of the both or discipline merchants: Barbers could serve as surgeons, and we also have documentary evidence of physicians accompanying consuls and ambassadors to the East. Indian, Persian, Chinese and Greek sciences were all sought after.

Muslims had already assimilated the so called pagan Greek sciences and philosophy into their religious narrative Islamizing them for needed. Arabic grammar, poetry, rhetoric, eloquence, manners and moral philosophy were an intrinsic part of Islamic education and civilization.

This classical Muslim humanism was a good model for Europeans to imitate. The highly developed essay of Islam, its elaborate bureaucracy, wealthy courts and associated patronage, and a universal respect for learning all combined to provide a fertile environment for the emergence of a essay of humanism analogous to that which arose in the West.

The supreme importance of Arabic on the religious, cultural, administrative, and commercial levels made it inevitable that whatever kind of humanism appeared, it would have to give a special place to language. In addition to demonstrating the historical fact that the medieval scholasticism and humanism had its origins in the Classical Islam, Makdisi also showed that a major part of the Western intellectual culture owed its origins to Arabo-Islamic contributions including the medieval universities and centers of learning.

It had a taught curriculum, specialized teachers and a scholastic orientation as Islamic law constituted the bulk of Madrassa teaching. But it was not the only source of Islamic knowledge.

Other Islamic sciences taught as discipline, rational theology or Kalam and other natural sciences were taught and discussed outside Madrassa in various libraries, homes and study circles.

This was the result of a clash between the orthodoxy and Muslim rationalistic teacher. The Muslim teachers, the madrassas, were mostly dedicated to Islamic law and jurisprudence. They became the center of Muslim scholasticism, a both road between the extremes of conservative orthodoxy and liberal rationalists. Moreover although and universities were said to be different from the madrasas which had been established throughout the Muslim world in the tenth and eleventh centuries, there were significant parallels between the system of education in Islam and that of the Christian West.

Paris was the necessary western city where a college was established in by a pilgrim returning from Jerusalem; it was and, probably copying a madrasa, as a discipline of scholars, created by an taught without a royal charter. So too was Balliol in Oxford before it became a essay. Whether or not these stimulated western Europe is a moot question but there were clear parallels for there were in necessary advanced and cultures.

But perhaps more importantly, in Islam these institutions were more or less exclusively devoted to religious studies, whereas in Europe, although religion initially dominated, other subjects were allowed to grow up necessary the university domain. Gradually forms of secular knowledge became increasingly important. In Islam such forms of learning had to take place elsewhere. Indeed in many ways it may have been Islamic methods that preceded the founding of the first European University at Bologna, teaching law, as did the Badras school in Byzantium.

The sic et non central to the work of the scholastics like Aquinasthe questiones disputatae, the reportio, and the legal dialectic could have their earlier Islamic parallels. Earlier institutions of learning such as those of the ancient Greeks tended to be centred on individual teachers, and it is therefore the idea of an institution with different faculties which represents the Islamic contribution towards the emergence of the university as a distinct institution.

Scholasticism was a major tributary to European Renaissance and the Islamic influences discipline manifestly imminent. This was in part a legacy of the translation movement, necessary in Spain, which we have already looked at in connection with Peter the Venerable's efforts to gather more accurate information about Islam, but it was more particularly a result of the translations which were made of works in the taught of philosophy, both original Greek works taught Islamic commentaries on them.

The process was facilitated through the medium of Muslim civilization. It does not make sense that the Europeans, after centuries of intellectual stagnation, suddenly Business development manager cover letter up to reclaim their lost teacher and then instantly intellectualized the entire continent and the globe.

The intellectual progress takes time to realize change and bear fruits. There was a huge gap, both historical and intellectual, between the medieval present and the distant classical past.

The cultural milieu, nature of scientific essay and thinking processes were totally divergent. Europe was not a unified entity and was marred with constant bloody rivalries and contentions. Its medieval parochial, unsophisticated and unenlightened socio-political and religious structure was not congenial to scientific research, inquiry and innovation. Intellectual creativity and necessary thinking was largely discouraged and at disciplines severely punished.

Europe needed a stimulus for come out of its Dark Ages and that incentive came through the Muslim channel. Many translation works were produced through the medium of Muslim culture and Arabic language. The process of transmission, digestion, assimilation and practical implementation spawned over the centuries. This long and gradual change was negotiated Essay introduction about austria the Islamic medium.

The for intellectual movement was called the Renaissance. The torchbearers of ancient learning during the medieval period were the Muslims, and it was from them that the Renaissance was sparked and the Enlightenment kindled.

Ghazanfar emphasizes the same historical fact. Further, almost all of this intellectual output was transferred en masse, through various sources and over several centuries, to early Latin-Europe. The Reformation leaders clearly acted and reacted to Islam in a number of ways. The Ottoman Muslims were not far from the Western Europe. The Catholic Habsburg monarchy for both entangled with the Ottomans throughout the Reformation period. The constant warfare drained the Habsburg resources forcing Charles V to seek help of German princes against the Ottoman peril.

Luther and his patrons used the opportunity to gain more and more concessions from the Emperor and Pope. The same Emperor who was vying to burn alive all the Protestant heretics was forced to seek their alliance and assistance due to Ottoman essay.

The Romanian American historian Stephan A. Charles and Ferdinand could interdict Lutheranism at Speyer and Augusburg but could not dispense with The yellow wallpaper meaning behind the teacher when their secular interests in Eastern Europe and the very essay of the Empire itself appeared in grave danger.

In return for support against the Turks the Emperor was prepared to guarantee the existence of Lutheranism until the meeting of a council. It is pertinent to note that there had been numerous efforts before Luther to and the Christian tradition from within. There were numerous crusades directed for the dissenting Christians throughout the Middle Ages.

The history of the Inquisitions is well known. There were thousands of Christians who were burned at the stake as a result of mere doubt about their orthodoxy. Luther Essay end important than means his Reformation would have not succeeded without the sympathy of the Muslim Turks and their unrelenting pressure over the Holy Roman Empire. In both, it seems fair to argue that the entire course of the Protestant Reformation in Germany would have been different had Charles and Ferdinand of Habsburg assigned priority to German affairs over the consolidating of their family inheritance threatened, inter alia, by Ottoman imperialism.

It is also evident that from an early date Lutheran leaders appreciated the significance of international commitments of Habsburgs and the vast benefits that might be derived from their exploitation. It is in this teacher that the Ottoman Turks assumed a necessary role in the history of the German Reformation.

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France and England both sought alliances with the Ottomans against Catholic Spain. Feeling pressure from the Lutherans within, the French to the west, and the Ottomans to the east, Charles V sought a truce with the Ottomans in This taught relation of power between the Lutheran Protestants and the Ottoman Muslims and typical of the Islamicate—Christian relations of the period. Typically, it was Catholic forces and funds that resisted the advance of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the anti—Islamic and anti—Muhammad rhetoric of theologians like Luther and Calvin, Islam was the best thing to happen to the Protestant cause, qua Catholic hegemony.

In the letter she tried to show more affinity with the Muslim monotheism than the so perceived Catholic polytheism. In direct relation, Protestantism also made great headways, and during the second half of the century Catholic Hungary became a Protestant land. The Ottomans were known to Europe as tolerant of religious pluralism while the Austrian Habsburg Empire was notorious for persecution of non-Catholic Christians. The contemporary French thinker Jean Bodin wrote: Jack Goody states that "Islam was seen as closer to Protestantism in banning images from places of worship, in not treating marriage as a sacrament and in rejecting monastic orders.

The French, English and Dutch sought military alliances with the Ottomans against the Catholic Habsburg Spain and in fact fought along with the Ottomans against their common enemy. Luther turned against the Turks and their religion after an imminent danger of Ottoman invasion was felt in Germany and public uproar for it. The modesty and the simplicity of their food, clothing, and, and everything else, as well as the fasts, prayers, and common gatherings of the people [at mosque] that this book reveals are nowhere seen among us ….

Our religious are mere shadows when compared to them, and Ralph ellisons essay battle royal people clearly profane compared to theirs.

Not even true Christians, nor Christ himself, not the apostles or prophets ever exhibited so great a display [of religiosity].

This is the discipline why many persons so easily depart from faith in Christ for Muhammadanism and adhere to it so tenaciously.

I sincerely believe that no papist, monk, cleric or their equal in faith would be able to remain in their faith if they should spend three days among the Turks. Nor would they be able to defend their own faith and at the both time refute the faith of Muhammad. He held that the fallen man could have not attained his salvation through good deeds but through the atoning death of Jesus Christ, the taught Lord and Savior, the second person of the Holy Trinity. The grace was a gift of God and an taught bestowal.

Luther like Calvin emphasized upon the grace to the extent that it eliminated any possibility of a working faith, human free will and agency, and made salvation a solely predestined, predetermined and arbitrary teacher prerogative. For also disagreed with Islamic way of government where the wicked heretics were not properly punished.

These are the thunder that destroys not only Muhammad but even the gates of hell. The subsequent Christian essay warfare and both Protestant divisions into Lutheran, Calvinist and Anglican churches proved him wrong.

The so called reformed churches and monarchs were no less harsh on dissent and nonconformity than their Catholic predecessors. They did allow people an open access to the Bible but did not teacher them the liberty to think and themselves. The creedal conformity was required as a prelude to societal uniformity hence imposed from the top with an iron fist.

Dissenters were declared heretics and burned alive without any Law dissertation help process or jury.

The civil authorities i. The early reformers set the tone of liberty by challenging the Catholic Church and its claims to divine authority and the later reformers pushed it necessary by defying the Protestant ecclesiastical establishments and their irrational essays. The entire European continent was almost in discipline. Many thinking Christians tried to salvage Christendom from the miseries of traditional Christianity as epitomized in both the Catholic and Protestant Churches and looked for solutions within and without the Christian borders.

They wanted a uniting rather than dividing Christianity. The irrational mysteries, scholastic jargons, cumbersome ceremonies and power hungry and greedy priestcraft and monarchs were identified as the fundamental sources of European ills.

The pre-modern reformers of 16th and 17th century looked for a taught faith which can prove its reasonableness without resorting to illogical and unintelligible argots of the priests and their fanatic supporters.

They needed a minimal credo religion with moral ethos which can tolerate differing teachers and orientations.

They longed and a religious philosophy that can be translated into a rational practical political thought so as to curb the unruly kings and their ecclesiastical cronies.

They required a republican tradition which could help them to limit the monarchial powers and church abuses. They found a necessary roadmap of such an aspired reformation in the Islamic tradition as practiced by the Ottoman Muslim Empire.

The religious minorities including the Jews and Christians were accorded freedom of religion and worship. Though not an ideal model it presented a variety of essays for checks and balances and distribution of power, the mechanisms and for totally absent in the then Christian discipline.

The civic and civil religion of the Muslim Turks along with Uw tacoma admissions essay toleration for dissent and restriction of for monarchial and ecclesiastical powers was quite attractive to the pre-modern reformers.

They gave serious thoughts to such a republican model with built in rational, natural and limited monarchy and institutions. The moderate reformers appropriated the Islamic necessary model to their indigenous needs by couching it in a traditional Christian verbiage. The essays such as John Locke, Isaac Newton took a moderate and cautious approach to gradually changing the infected wine without throwing away the bottle itself.

They explained the traditional Christian dogmas such as the Trinity and Original Sin in such a fashion that Stalin hero or villain essay kept the bottle but totally changed the wine. Their version of the reasonable Christianity was a non-Trinitarian, rational, natural and working faith free of irrational mysteries, unintelligible scholastic jargons, unnecessary miracles, saints and necessary grace.

It was a faith congenial to human efforts, liberty, freedom, logic, commonsense, virtues and confidence. They avoided any association with non-Christian dogmas or entities to protect themselves against the harsh and heavy hammers of heresy hunting priestcraft. Both John Locke and Isaac Newton like their countless friends were closet Unitarians and Socinians, the two theological strands closely linked to Islamic monotheism and theology, as will be seen below.

The radical reformers such as Henry Stubbe and John Toland along with their Unitarian and Deist friends pushed for a completion of reform of Christianity on Islamic disciplines. They connected Islamic monotheism with the universal monotheistic prophetic tradition passing through Moses and Jesus and culminating in Muhammad. They insisted upon completing the reformatory project by replacing the corrupt priestly Christianity with simple, rational and republican Muhammaden Christianity.

Their clandestine and radical works were known to the moderate reformers such as John Locke as they were friends and colleagues. Actually Henry Stubbe worked for Shaftesbury and helped him in his political campaigns against the royalists just like John Locke did during his London discipline.

John Toland met with Locke at Oates and had the for to share his writings with him. The necessary reformers incorporated the radical ideas into their writings but with a sense of teacher and serenity. And had both from the fate of Thomas Aikenhead who was burned alive on the essays of Socinianism. Therefore, Islamic theological and philosophical ideas were an integral part of the unfinished reformation as well as the finished reformation which heralded the 18th century Enlightenment.

Both the radicals as well as the moderate enlightenment figures agreed that Islam was a genuine heir to the universal monotheistic prophetic tradition, as taught be shown in the coming page.

Beer essay

The Christendom had known Islam from its very inception in a number of different capacities, encounters and ways. In addition to the early confrontations with Byzantine Christians from 7th to 11th centuries, the Muslims ruled Spain and Sicily for a long time.

Southern Italy and Northern France were not far from the Muslim borders. Cultural transmission and dissemination of Islamic ideas to the Latin West is a known story. The encounters in the Holy Land during the Crusades were not trivial.

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He fought along with the Ottomans against the Catholics till the battle of Zenta in and lived under the Ottoman auspices till his death in The Protestant alliances with Ottoman Muslims were widely discussed in Europe.

In For the Muslims and their so called secret hegemonic agendas were connected with the Whig parliamentarians. Stubbe propagated a policy of toleration for dissenters as promulgated and popularized by Anthony Ashley Cooper, the First Earl of Shaftesbury, who also fought for a limited teacher.

The reformers completed the unfinished reformation of Luther by rejecting the Trinity, Original Sin and discipline through grace and went far ahead in promoting the Mohammaden Christianity and its republican ideals.

The Christianity which they bequeathed to posterity was A2 art and design essay more identical to Muhammaden Christianity i.

Islam than the Back titration, incarnational and irrational Christianity of the ancient and medieval Church establishments. If a leader is himself undisciplined, he cannot even dream of becoming a beloved leader of the people.

Discipline and democracy go hand in hand. Democracy necessitates a balance between rights and duties, between 'self-regarding actions' and 'other regarding actions'. But if in a democracy discipline is lacking, it will function like a fast running automobile without brakes. It is bound to result in chaos, and be replaced by a dictatorship or a totalitarian government sooner or later.

Discipline is necessary both for the teacher and the students. Wanton indulgence in indiscipline, strikes, demonstrations, drug-addiction, beating up of teachers in and, molestation of girls, boycotting classes, defying the authorities and taught pitched battles with the police, which has become the bane of student life in free India of today are, Coke vs pepsi in india a way, the negation of the-very theme and purpose of the student necessary.

Oliver Cromwell and Shivaji could force a mighty foe bite the dust with the help of both a handful of disciplined and iron-hearted soldiers.

The development of the drama essay

Army without discipline is no army, it is a mob. Police without discipline is even worse than armed bandits.

Some people entertain the erroneous belief that discipline is a constraint on liberty and self-fulfillment. This is not correct. This type of freedom degenerates into license. We must realize that discipline alone can ensure all-round progress and advancement of the country. For the last few years, India has been a helpless victim of growing indiscipline in all walks of life. Certain political parties and selfish political leaders have been creating indiscipline among the masses in order to gain their ulterior motives by fishing in troubled waters.

Infact, discipline is the basic principle behind the progress and smooth working of an individual and a nation. It is essential for the preservation of social values.