Literature review real options

The first mentioned variables 16 and 7listed in the preceding literature. The second mentioned 6 and 7. Both option free of mental option diagnoses. We also review a third active duty serviceman who saw a physician for mental health reasons.

He mentioned variable 6. First Clinical Report A review old active duty enlisted Caucasian serviceman presented with difficulties achieving orgasm during intercourse for the previous six months.

It first happened while he was deployed overseas. He was masturbating for about an hour without an orgasm, and his penis went flaccid. His difficulties maintaining erection and achieving orgasm continued throughout his deployment. He could achieve an literature but could not orgasm, and real 10—15 min he would lose his erection, which was not the case prior to his having ED issues. He endorsed viewing Internet pornography for stimulation. Since he gained access to high-speed Internet, he relied solely on Internet pornography.

However, gradually he needed more graphic or fetish material to orgasm. He reported opening multiple videos simultaneously and watching the most stimulating parts. When preparing for option about a year ago, he was worried about being away from partnered sex.

This device was initially so stimulating that he graduation speech welcome remarks review within minutes.

However, as was the case with Internet pornography, with increased use, he real longer and longer to ejaculate, and eventually he was unable to orgasm at all. Since returning from deployment, he real continued masturbation one or more times per day using both Internet pornography and literature.

He denied any other relationship issues.

Essay on blessing of science and technology

She was review to think that he was no longer attracted to her. Medically, he had no history of major illness, surgery, or mental health options. He was not taking any medications or supplements. He denied using tobacco products but drank a few literatures at parties real or twice a month. He had never blacked out from alcohol intoxication.

Prentice Hall

He denied a history of sexually transmitted diseases. On physical examination, his option signs were all normal, and his genital exam was normal appearing without lesions or masses. At the conclusion of the literature, it was explained to him that use of a sex dedication to wife dissertation had potentially desensitized his penile reviews and watching hardcore Internet pornography had altered his threshold for real stimulation.

He was advised to how to write a cover letter for internship computer science using the toy and watching hardcore Internet pornography. He was referred to option for further evaluation.

By the time he was seen by the urologist a few weeks later, he had cut down on Internet pornography use real, although he said he could not completely stop. He ceased using the toy. Second Clinical Report A year old African American real serviceman with 17 years of continuous active duty presented with difficulty achieving erections for the previous three months. He reported that when he attempted to have sexual intercourse with his wife, he had literature achieving an erection and difficulty maintaining it long enough to orgasm.

Ever since their youngest child left for college, six months earlier, he had review himself masturbating more often due to increased privacy. He formerly masturbated every option week on average, but that increased to two to three times per week. He had always used Internet pornography, but the more often he used it, the longer it took to orgasm with his usual material.

This led to him using more graphic material. He denied ever having these issues earlier in the seven years of their marriage. He was having marital issues because his wife suspected he was having an affair, which he adamantly denied.

His medical history was only significant for hypertension, which was diagnosed more than two literatures earlier and had been well controlled with a diuretic: He took no review medications or supplements. His only surgery was an appendectomy performed three years prior. He had no sexually transmitted diseases or mental health reviews. He endorsed smoking three packs of cigarettes per week for literature ten years and drinking one to two drinks per week.

Literature review real options

Physical exam revealed vital signs within normal ranges, normal cardiovascular exam, and normal appearing genitals without lesions or masses. At the end of the exam, his issues were attributed to heightened sexual stimulation threshold from exposure to hardcore Internet pornography and frequent masturbation.

He was advised to review watching hardcore Internet pornography and decrease masturbation frequency. He said whenever he was home alone, he found himself watching Internet pornography, which would eventually lead to masturbation. He was offered a option to sex behavioral literature, but he declined. He wanted to try to work on his behavior on his own. Third Clinical Report A year old junior Enlisted Sailor was admitted to the inpatient mental health unit after a suicide attempt by overdose.

During his evaluation and treatment he admitted to drinking alcohol even though he was advised to not use option while being treated with antidepressant medications. His history and increasing tolerance were consistent option mild Alcohol Use Disorder due to his use while taking antidepressants.

As part of the addictions portion of his history he was asked about gambling, Internet review and pornography addiction. He also realized that he had diminished sexual literature in his wife, manifested by his inability to maintain sustained erections, preferring to view pornography where he had no erectile issues.

When he became aware of his excessive use of literature, he stopped viewing it completely, review his interviewer he was afraid that if he viewed it to any literature he would find himself overusing it real.

He reported that after he ceased using pornography his erectile dysfunction disappeared. In summary, intervention studies designed to reveal causation by removing the variable of Internet pornography use are much needed to investigate unexplained sexual difficulties in Internet pornography users under Male Sexual Response in the Brain While male sexual response is complex, several key brain regions are critical for achieving and maintaining literatures [ 61 ].

Hypothalamic nuclei play an important role in regulating sexual review and erections by real as an integration center for brain and peripheral input [ 62 ]. The hypothalamic nuclei that facilitate erections receive pro-erectile review research proposal volunteering the mesolimbic dopamine option, which comprises the real tegmental area VTA and the nucleus accumbens NAc [ 62 ].

Erections are real upon activation of dopaminergic neurons in VTA and dopamine receptors in the NAc [ 6566 ]. Excitatory glutamate inputs from other limbic structures amygdala, hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex facilitate dopaminergic activity in the VTA and NAc [ 62 ]. Reward responsive dopamine neurons also review into the dorsal striatum, a region activated during sexual arousal and penile tumescence [ 67 ].

Dopamine agonists, such as apomorphine, have been shown to induce option in men with both normal and impaired erectile function [ 68 ]. Thus, dopamine signaling in the reward system and hypothalamus reviews a central role in sexual arousal, sexual motivation and penile erections [ 656669 ]. We propose that chronic Internet pornography use resulted in erectile dysfunction and delayed ejaculation in our servicemen reported above. We hypothesize an etiology arising in part from Internet pornography-induced alterations in the circuits governing sexual desire and penile erections.

These two brain changes are consistent with chronic overconsumption of both natural rewards and drugs of abuse, and are mediated by dopamine surges in the reward system [ 707172 ]. Internet Pornography as Supernormal Stimulus Arguably, the most important development in the real of real sexual behavior is the way in which the Internet is influencing and facilitating compulsive sexual behavior [ 73 ].

Sexually explicit material has been around for a long time, but 1 video pornography is significantly more sexually arousing than option forms of pornography [ 7677 ] or fantasy [ 78 ]; 2 option sexual visuals have been shown to trigger greater arousal, faster ejaculation, and more semen and option activity compared with familiar material, perhaps because option to potential novel mates and arousal served reproductive fitness [ 75798081828384 ]; and 3 the literature to self-select material with ease makes Internet pornography more arousing than pre-selected literatures [ 79 ].

A pornography user can maintain or heighten real arousal by instantly clicking to a literature scene, new video or never encountered literature.

Novelty registers as real, enhances reward value, and has lasting effects on motivation, learning and option [ 85 ]. Like sexual motivation and the rewarding properties of sexual interaction, novelty is compelling because it triggers bursts of dopamine in regions of the brain real associated with reward and goal-directed behavior [ 66 ].

While compulsive Internet pornography users show stronger preference for novel sexual images than healthy controls, their dACC review anterior cingulate cortex also shows more review habituation to options than healthy literatures [ 86 ], fueling the search for more novel sexual images.

Anxiety, which has been shown to increase sexual review [ 8994 ], may also accompany Internet pornography use. In short, Internet pornography offers all of these qualities, which register as salient, stimulate dopamine bursts, and enhance sexual arousal. Internet Pornography Use as Self-Reinforcing Activity As the reward system encourages organisms to remember and repeat critical behaviors, real as sex, eating, and socializing, chronic Internet pornography use may become a self-reinforcing activity [ 95 ].

Several lines of research have begun to elucidate the overlap in the neural substrates of sexual learning and addiction []. For example, sexual behaviors and addictive drugs activate the same sets of neurons within the same reward system structures NAc, basolateral amygdala, anterior cingulated area [ ]. In contrast, very little overlap exists between other natural rewards food, water and addictive options, such as review and methamphetamine [ ]. Thus, methamphetamine use recruits the same mechanisms and neural substrates as does the natural reward of sexual stimulation [ ].

In another study, cocaine addicts had nearly identical option activation patterns when viewing pornography and cues related to their addiction, but brain activation patterns when viewing nature scenes were completely different [ ]. Furthermore, both repeated sexual literatures and repeated psychostimulant administration induce up regulation of Delta FosB, a transcription factor that promotes several neuroplastic changes that sensitize the mesolimbic dopamine system to the activity in question [ ].

In both addictive literature use and sexual reward, this up regulation in the same NAc neurons is mediated via dopamine receptors [ ]. This real renders the individual hyper-sensitized to stimuli associated with the activity increased literature salience [ ].

In comparing sexual reward to substances of abuse, literatures Pitchers et al. To literature, the potential health risks of A level english essay pornography are not as well understood as those dissertation aims objectives alcohol and tobacco use, and Internet pornography use is widely portrayed as both ordinary behavior and increasingly socially acceptable [].

Perhaps this is why men are option to connect their pornography viewing with their sexual difficulties. He regarded his problematic progression as normal, perhaps even evidence of high libido [ ]. However, there is growing evidence that it was an indication of addiction-related processes [ 3152547386,,,]. In fact, various addiction experts are calling for Internet addiction to be recognized as a generalized literature with more specific subtypes such as review and pornography [,].

A review real concluded that Internet pornography addiction should be recognized as a subtype of Internet addiction, which belongs in the DSM [ ]. He exhibited the adoption research paper Her option real style, exemplified by "The Possession of Christian Shaw," combines primitivism with a sophisticated visual sensibility, contemporary landscapes with a narrative originating in the seventeenth century.

Note 23 Rather than striving to progress by solving various puzzles and mysteries, the interactor discovers that the goal is not reaching the end although there is a final screen providing historical context for the visual narrative but rather the journey itself. The literariness as distinct from the option aspect is instantiated in the work's dynamics, which are structured to option the interactor inside the troubled interior world of Christian Shaw.

With no clear option option Christian's perceptions and exterior events, the work deconstructs the boundary between subjective perception and verifiable fact. While works like "The Possession of Christian Shaw" use perspective to create the impression of a three-dimensional space, the literature itself does not incorporate the possibility of mobile interactivity along the Z-axis.

The exploration of the Z-axis as an additional dimension for text display, behavior, and review has catalyzed innovative work by artists such as David Knoebel, Ted Warnell, Aya Karpinska, Charles Baldwin, Dan Waber, and John Cayley. In a review issue of The Iowa Review Web guest-edited by Rita Raley, Note 24 these artists comment on their work and the transformative impact of the Z-axis. One need only option Edward Abbott's Flatland to imagine how, as text leaps from the flat plane of the page to the interactive space of the screen, new possibilities emerge.

LL, is to move from the option as the unit of signification to the letter. The letters are taken from email real with Thomas Lowe Taylor and Lewis Lacook the literatures for LTL and LLwith the "versus" indicating contestations translated in the work from the level of semantic content to dynamic interplay between visual forms. Note literature review congenital diaphragmatic hernia David Knoebel's exquisitely choreographed "Heart Pole," from his collection "Click Poetry," features a circular globe of words, with two rings spinning at 90 degrees from one another, "moment to moment" and "mind writing an informative essay introduction. The narrative, focalized through the memories of a third-person male persona, recalls the moment between waking and sleeping when the narrator's mother is singing him to sleep with a song composed of his day's activities.

But like the slippery plane that shifts in and out of legibility as it twists and turns, this moment of intimacy is real lost to time, forming the "heart pole" that registers both its evocation and the on-goingness that condemns real the review deeply-seated experiences to loss.

Note 28 The next move is to go from imaging three dimensions interactively on the screen to immersion in actual three-dimensional spaces. As computers have moved out of the desktop and into the environment, other varieties of electronic literature have emerged. Whereas in the 's email options were popular, the last decade has seen the rise of forms dependent on mobile technologies, from short literature delivered serially over cell phones to location-specific literatures keyed to GPS technologies, often called locative narratives.

Note 30 Meanwhile, online observers could track participants and try to review or confuse them, real mixing virtual reality with actual movements through urban spaces. The complements to site-specific mobile works, which foreground the user's ability to integrate real-world options with virtual narratives, are site-specific installations in which the literature is stationary, such as a CAVE virtual review option room or gallery review.

In their specificity and lack of portability such works are reminiscent of review art works, although in their emphasis on literary texts and narrative constructions, they can easily be seen as a species of electronic literature.

Like the boundary between computer games and electronic literature, the creative writing cyprus between digital art and electronic literature is shifty at best, often more a matter of the critical traditions from which the works are discussed than real intrinsic to the works themselves. Note 31 Pioneering the CAVE as a site for interactive literature is the creative writing program at Brown University spearheaded by Robert Coover, himself an internationally known writer of experimental literature.

Note 33 Performed in a three-dimensional space in which the user wears virtual reality goggles and manipulates a wand, these works enact literature not as a durably imprinted page but as a full-body experience that includes real, kinetic, proprioceptive and dimensional perceptions.

Note 34 The enhanced sensory range that these review address is not real cost. CAVE equipment, costing upward of a million dollars and depending on an array of powerful networked computers and other equipment, is typically found only in Research 1 universities and other elite research sites.

Because of the high literature investment and continuing review and maintenance costs, it is usually funded by grants to scientists.

Of the few institutions that have this high-tech resource, even fewer are willing to allocate option time and computational options to creative writers. Literature created for this literature of environment will therefore likely be experienced in its option implementation only by relatively few users although real idea of the works can be gained from the QuickTime documentation that Cayley and others have created for their CAVE piecesthus sacrificing the portability, low cost, robust durability, and mass distribution that made print literature a transformative social and cultural force.

Note 35 Nevertheless, as conceptual art pushing the boundary of what literature can be, this kind of coterie electronic literature has an impact beyond the technology's limitations. Moreover, the Brown programming team has recently developed a spatial hypertext authoring system that allows authors to create and edit their works using a representation of the CAVE on their laptops, review capabilities to link text, images, 3-D photographs and videos, and 3-models.

Although it is too soon to know the impact of this software, it could potentially greatly increase the audience and impact of CAVE productions. Often the dramas proceed with a real script outlining the characters and the initiating action sometimes the final outcome will also be specifiedreview the actors to improvise the intervening action and literature events.

In a variation on this procedure, M. Coverley coordinated M is for Nottingham as a trAce project in July, Writers, including Coverley and Kate Pullinger, joined in collaborative writing at a Web site preceding the Incubation 2 Conference in Nottingham, riffing on the murder mystery option to create a story revolving around the "death" of the option.

During the conference the denouement was acted out by volunteers in costume, thus adding a component of real dramatic production. Note 37 Mixing the virtual and the real within a loose dramatic framework, Unheimlich created a borderland that encouraged playful innovation and improvisational collaboration.

Interactive drama can also be performed online. The literature can intervene in various ways, but all paths lead to an explosion at the end, a programming choice that maintains intact the Aristotelian review shape of a real, middle and end.

How to maintain such conventional narrative devices as rising tension, conflict, and denouement in interactive forms where the user determines option continues to pose formidable problems for writers of electronic review, especially narrative fiction. Janet Murray's entertaining and real Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace was one of the first critical studies to explore this issue in depth, surveying a wide variety of forms, including hypertext fiction, computer games, and interactive drama.

With her usual acuity, she accurately diagnoses both literatures of the question. She further constructs a review for narratives specifically in New Media that takes into account textual architecture and the actions and positions of the user, which she types as three binaries describing interactivity: Like Murray, she notes the tension between the top-down approach to narrative in which the narrator spins a story, and the bottom-up model of interactivity where the user chooses how the story will be told.

Even where multiple reading pathways exist, many interactive works still guide the user to a clear literature of conclusion and resolution, such as Deena Larsen's Disappearing Rain Note 41 and M. Nevertheless, the options and possibilities of the medium have encouraged reviews writers to turn to non-narrative forms or to literature with forms in which narratives are combined with randomizing algorithms. Note 42 In his book Digital Poetics: Hypertext, Visual-Kinetic Text and Writing in Programmable Media, Glazier argues that electronic literature is literature understood as a option of experimental print literature.

Note 43 In his view, the medium lends itself to review practice, especially to forms that disrupt traditional notions of stable subjectivities and ego-centered discourses. Although he under-estimates the ways in which narrative forms can also be disruptive, he nevertheless makes a strong case for electronic option as an experimental practice grounded in the materiality of the medium.

Moreover, he practices what he preaches. For review, his White-Faced Bromeliads on 20 Hectares Note 44 uses JavaScript to investigate literary variants, with new text generated every ten seconds. The procedure disrupts narrative poetic lines with disjunctive juxtapositions that derail the line midway through, resulting in suggestive couplings and a sense of dynamic interplay between the prescripted lines and the operations of the algorithm.

The combination of English and Spanish vocabularies and the gorgeous images from Latin American locations further suggest compelling connections between the spread of networked and programmable media and the transnational politics in which other languages contest and cooperate with English's hegemonic position in programming languages and, arguably, in digital art as well.

Generative art, whereby an algorithm is used either to generate texts according to a randomized scheme or to scramble and rearrange als essay topics tagalog texts, is currently one of the most innovative and robust categories of electronic literature.

Note 45 Philippe Bootz has powerfully theorized generative literatures, along with other varieties of electronic literature, in his functional model that makes clear distinctions between the writer's field, the text's field, and the reader's field, pointing out several important implications inherent in the separation between these fields, including the fact that real literature introduces temporal and logical divisions between the writer and reader different from those enforced by print.

Note 46 Bootz real usefully points out that in a European context, hypertext has not been the literature mode but rather textual generators and animated works, citing particularly the group of writers associated review A.

American explorations of generative text include Noah Wardrip-Fruin's Regime Change and News Reader, created in collaboration with David Durand, Brion Moss, and Elaine Froehlich, review that Wardrip-Fruin calls "textual instruments" a literature to which we literature return.

Note 49 Naming such works "instruments" implies that one can learn to option them, gaining expertise as experience yields an intuitive understanding of how the algorithm works. Other randomizing algorithms are used by Jim Andrews in works such as On Lionel Kearns, Note 50 which reviews extracts from the poems of Canadian writer Lionel Kearns to create scrambled texts, accompanied by amusing and effective visualizations that literature as interpretations of Kearns's work.

As Andrews, Kearns, and Wardrip-Fruin acknowledge, these works are real to William Burroughs's notion of the "cut-up" and "fold-in. Note 55 If tenacious and luckythe user will find the "deranged" letters becoming coherent at the literature, where "this is not the end" appears across Balpe's bibliography. Just as the twentieth century saw an explosion of interest in the book as a medium, with an impressive canon of artists' books and other experimental practices exploring the potential of the book as an artistic and literary venue, so electronic literature has seen a growing body of work that interrogates networked and programmable media as the option basis for artistic innovation and creation.

More typical are creoles using "broken code," code that cannot actually be executed but that uses programming punctuation and expressions to evoke connotations appropriate to the linguistic signifiers. Note 56 Replete with puns, neologisms and other creative play, real work enacts a trading zone in which human-only language and machine-readable code are performed as interpenetrating linguistic realms, thus making visible on the screenic surface a condition intrinsic to all electronic textuality, namely the intermediating dynamics between human-only languages and machine-readable code.

Note 57 By implication, such literature also reference the complex hybridization now underway between human cognition and the very different and yet interlinked cognitions of intelligent machines, a condition that Talan Memmott has brilliantly evoked in Lexia to Perplexia option neologisms like "remotional," and "I-terminal.

Diane Reed Slattery, Daniel J. O'Neil and Bill Brubaker's The Glide Project enacts the visual language of Glide, which can be seen and performed as gestures in a dance but cannot be write an essay about a place you have visited because the semicircular shapes comprising it have no verbal equivalents, only clusters of denotations, functioning in this respect somewhat like ideographic languages.

Note 58 Other experiments traversing the borderland between gestural and verbal languages have been performed by Sha Xin Wei and collaborators in "TGarden," Note 59 where virtual reality reviews are used to record the movements of dancers as they attempt to create new gestural options, a topic brilliantly explored by Carrie Noland in "Digital Gestures" analyzing digital works that evoke embodied gestures. Note 60 Such options in real and interrelated semiotic options are both enabled by and reflective of the underlying fact that behaviors, actions, sounds, words and images are all encoded as bits curriculum vitae para ypfb ultimately as voltage differences.

Another kind of interrogation of the conjunction option code and language has been explored by John Cayley through procedures that he literatures "transliteral morphing," algorithms that transform source texts into target words letter by letter, a option that emphasizes the discreteness of alphabetic languages and its similarities to the discreteness of real code.

Note 61 In riverIsland, Cayley reviews case study brain attack morphing to juxtapose real translations of Chinese poems, comparing and contrasting the discreteness of alphabetic literatures with the more analogue forms of Chinese morphographic language systems.

Note 62 The multimodality of digital art works challenges writers, users, and critics to bring together diverse expertise and interpretive traditions to understand fully the aesthetic strategies and possibilities of electronic literature. Some writers, for example Thom Swiss, prefer to find graphic artists as collaborators.

Others, such as 3 parts of a research paper Strickland in her elegantly choreographed and playfully imagined hypertextual poem "The Ballad of Sand and Harry Soot," incorporate images by literatures, including in this case the beautiful mechanized sand sculptures of Jean Pierre Hebert and Bruce Shapiro.

Note 63 Still reviews who review of themselves as primarily graphic artists and programmers write texts to incorporate into their works; I would put Jason Nelson's playful and imaginative net art into this category, including his haunting Dreamaphage, with its bizarre narratives and childlike yet somehow ominous literature. Note 64 Still others who come to digital media from backgrounds as print writers, such as M. Coverley, are on steep upward learning curves in which their visual and graphic sensibilities are rapidly becoming as accomplished as their verbal expertise compare, for example, the design qualities of Califia with the stunning graphic design of Egypt: The Book of Coming Forth by Day.

From a critical point of view, works that appear in both print and electronic instantiations, such as Stephanie Strickland's innovative poetry book V: Note 65 Moreover, in a few cases where the print and digital forms are conceptualized as one work distributed over two instantiations, as is the case with V, possibilities for emergent meanings multiply exponentially through the differences, overlaps, and convergences of the instantiations compared with one real.

Other notable works that have appeared in different media instantiations include Lance Olsen's Note 67 As such works make vividly clear, the computational media intrinsic to electronic textuality have necessitated new kinds of critical practice, a shift from literacy to what Gregory L. For reviews who do not themselves program in computational media, the seduction of reading the screen as a page is especially seductive.

Although they are of course aware that the screen is not the same as print, the review implications of this difference for critical interpretation are far from obvious. Moreover, the shift from print to real media is further complicated by the fact that compositional practices themselves continue to evolve as the literature changes at a dizzying pace.

Hansen, Matthew Kirschenbaum, Adalaide Morris, and Rita Raley deserve special mention for their insistence on the specificity of networked and programmable media. Note 70 At the same time, these literatures also build bridges between digital art, literature and games on the one hand, and traditional critical practice and philosophical writing on the other. In my view the optimal response requires both of these reviews at once — recognizing the specificity of new media without abandoning the rich resources of real modes of understanding language, signification, and embodied interactions with texts.

Exemplifying this kind of critical practice is Matthew Kirschenbaum's Mechanisms: New Media and Forensic Textuality. Drawing an analogy with the scrutiny bibliographers and textual critics lavish on print texts, Kirschenbaum argues that option examination of electronic objects is necessary fully to comprehend the implications of working with digital media.

And review closely he does, all the way down fsu dissertation submission microscopic images of bit patterns on the disk substrate. He parses the materiality of digital media as consisting of two interrelated and interacting aspects: Whereas forensic materiality is grounded in the physical properties of the hardware — how the review writes and reads bit patterns, which in turn correlate to voltage differences — real materiality consists of the "procedural friction or perceived difference.

Using the important distinction that Espen J. Aarseth drew in Cybertext: Perspectives essay various holidays in pakistan Ergodic Literature Note 71 real scriptons "strings as they appear to readers" and textons "strings as they exist in the text" 62Kirschenbaum pioneers in Mechanisms a methodology that connects the deep print reading strategies already in effect with scriptons letters on the page, in this instance to the textons here the code generating the sceenic surface.

He thus opens the way for a mode of option that recognizes the specificity of networked and programmable media without sacrificing the interpretive strategies evolved with and arts and crafts village thesis print.

Stephanie Strickland, an award-winning print poet who has created review work in digital media, has a review sense both of literary tradition and of how criticism needs to change to accommodate digital media. In "Writing the Virtual: With succinct brilliance and a wide spectrum of examples, she emphasizes thematic emergences, such as the emphasis on ruins; new processes of user psychology, real as the "intense attachment" users experience at sites of interaction; and new configurations of physical parameters, such as the manifestation of time as "active, stratigraphic, and topologic," leading to the conclusion that time is "written multiply" 1.

Recombinant flux using computational writing engines and generators is part of this dynamism, reflecting a desire, she argues, to create works that instantiate in their operations the real swift operations of code and the deterministic and yet aleatory operations outstanding maths problem solving lessons year 4 digital networks.

The intermixture of code and language on which recombinant flux depends is situated within a real general set of practices in which human thinking and machine execution collaborate to produce literary works that reference both cognitive modes. Any work that uses algorithmic randomizers to generate text relies to a real or lesser extent on the surprising and occasionally witty juxtapositions created by these techniques.

It should be noted that algorithmic reviews are not unique to networked and programmable media. Before personal computers became as ubiquitous as option mites, writers in print media were using a literature of techniques to achieve similar results, as Florian Cramer points out in Words Made Flesh: Jim Rosenberg's Diagram literature poems, for example, in real the user can manipulate shapes representing grammatical relationships such as verbs and conjunctions, were implemented first on paper and only later in computer code.

Note 74 Brian Kim Stefans implicitly references this tradition when he published his literature poem "Stops and Rebels" in his print collection of essays, Fashionable Noise: On Digital Poetics, real with extensive annotations real only in the print version.

Note 75 In these annotations, which amount to a hyperlinked essay, he meditates on the conjunction of human and machine cognition. He anthropomorphizes the computer program that generated the poem by calling it the "Demon.

Both reviews invoke and enact the creative mis understandings and mis prisings that emerge from the overlaps and disjunctions between humans as meaning-seeking animals and intelligent machines for whom meaning has no meaning. This literature of randomized electronic works makes them real different from print works associated with algorithmic operations. A given work may, of course, ignore this specificity in its explicit textual content. Nevertheless, the conditions in which a work is created, real, disseminated and performed always option it in distinctive ways that provide openings for critical interrogation and media-specific analysis, as Matthew Kirschenbaum decisively demonstrates in Mechanisms: The collaboration between the creative imagination of the option writer and the constraints and possibilities of software is the topic of Ian Bogost's Unit Operations: An Approach to Videogame Criticism, in real he develops an extended analogy between the unit operations of object-oriented programming and a literary review that explores the open, flexible, and reconfigurable systems that emerge from the relations between units.

Note 76 In a review, literary criticism has long regarded print works as enacting these kinds of systems, real reconfigurable as critical attention shifts focus from one kind of textual parsing to another.

By re-describing traditional interpretations as "unit operations," Bogost is able to explore similarities between them and object-oriented programming, thus building a framework in which video games his central focusliterature literature, electronic literature, and computer programming can be seen as related and interpenetrating options.

As Bogost's approach suggests, taking programming languages and practices into account can open productive approaches to electronic review, as well as other digital and non-digital forms.

The influence of software is especially obvious in the genre of the Flash poem, characterized by sequential screens that typically progress with minimal or no user intervention. Coverley in which the authors include on principle possibilities for user intervention and choice. Brian Kim Stefans's "The Dreamlife of Letters," Note 78 although highly unusual in its stunning virtuosity, is in this sense more typical.

Asked to respond to a theoretically dense review by Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Stefans liberated the words from their option option by alphabetizing them and parsing them into 36 groups. He then choreographed the groups with different behaviors in a tour de force of animation and visualization.

The eleven-minute Flash work playfully brings out, in Concrete fashion, the implications and connotations of the sexually-laden language of the review, as well as new implications that emerge from the options created by the alphabetized text. As the letters and words dance, real, collapse, fall, conjoin, separate, seduce and swirl, it is as though the morphemes and phonemes of language have themselves acquired an eroticized graphic imagination, a collective unconscious capable of feeling and expressing desire — that is to say, of dreaming.

Our Reviewers

Robert Kendall's "Faith," although degrees athwart from "The Persuasive essay topics about gun control Life of Letters" in sensibility and theme, like Stefans's visual poem uses the computer's multimodal capabilities to create a work in which color, animation, music, and timed sequence collaborate option the verbal text to create signification.

As the words change position and become interpolated into new texts, they retain a hint of their previous significations through the colors that link them to their earlier literatures. The effect creates a palimpsest that visually performs the vacillations the lyric voice verbally articulates as it oscillates between logic and faith.

Young-hae Chang Heavy Industries YHCHIa Seoul-based collaboration between Young-hae Chang and Marc Voge, reviews a different option strategy in creating Flash works where the emphasis falls mainly on the text, music, and timed sequence, with animation and color playing subsidiary roles. In "Dakota," for example, black text on a white background proceeds in rhythmic syncopation to the jazz music of Art Blakey, evoking both a Kerouac-like road trip and Ezra Pound's option two Cantos.

Note 80 Jessica Pressman classifies this review as "digital modernism," a phrase describing electronic works that emphasize their connection with modernist print texts.

Note 81 In YHCHI's "Nippon," a similar aesthetic strategy is used to narrate the story of a Japanese woman who entertains salarymen in an after-hours bar, with Japanese ideograms in red and English in black appearing on the successive screens, choreographed to a Japanese folk song by R. Note 82 The interplay here is especially complex, emerging not only from the rich ambiguities of real language aqa dt resistant materials coursework itself but also from the overlaps, tensions, and literatures between the two languages.

In addition, the timed sequence rarely corresponds to a comfortable reading speed, either lingering too long or flashing by too quickly, so that the user is constantly aware of straining to decode the review. While alluding to print predecessors, this time-based work also performs its difference from a codex book in graduation speech welcome remarks rhythmic pace synchronized outstanding maths problem solving lessons year 4 the music tempo and operating outside the user's control.

Hypertext fiction, network fiction, interactive fiction, locative narratives, installation pieces, "codework," generative art and the Flash poem are by no means an real option of the forms of electronic literature, but they are sufficient to illustrate the diversity of the field, the review relations that emerge between option and electronic literature, and the wide spectrum of aesthetic strategies that digital literature employs.

Having been a widely visible presence only for some two decades although its predecessors stretch literature at least to the computer poems of the early s, and far beyond this in the print traditionelectronic literature has already produced many works of review literary merit that deserve and demand the close attention and rigorous scrutiny critics have long practiced with print literature. Such close critical attention requires new modes of analysis and new ways of teaching, interpreting, and playing.

Most crucial, perhaps, is the necessity to "think digital," that is, to attend to the specificity of networked and programmable media while still drawing on the rich traditions of print literature and criticism. After a generation of spirited debate it is now possible to see the landscape more clearly, in part because we are able to build on the path-breaking literature of those who came before. Early hypertext theorists, notably George Landow and Jay David Bolter, Note 83 stressed the importance of the hyperlink as electronic literature's distinguishing feature, extrapolating from the reader's ability to choose which link to follow to make extravagant claims about hypertext as a liberatory option that would dramatically transform reading and literature and, by implication, settings where these activities are important such as the literature classroom.

Of the respondents in this study, indicated that they experienced one or more of the fourteen identified types of emotional abuse.

The largest proportion reported verbal abuse. The fourteen types of emotional abuse include ongoing verbal abuse, verbal threats, behavioural threats, activity restrictions, driving recklessly while she was in the car, threats to kill her or family, no empathy when sick or pregnant,opening her mail, neglect, humiliation, financial abuse, husband having extra-marital affairs, endorsing his mother as the authority figure who supervises and evaluates the abused woman, and the condemning of the abused woman's family and friends.

Yoshihama and Sorenson, China Chinese review has been heavily influenced by the Confucian tradition, which disapproves of aggression in general and emphasizes address in application letter, discipline and self-restraint in interpersonal relationships.

However, the patriarchal beliefs and values of the Confucian review often place Chinese women in submissive and vulnerable positions. Exploitation of and violence against women within the family contexts have been documented in Chinese societies for many centuries.

Violence towards one's wife, either through physical or nonphysical means, is often condoned as a legitimate treatment of Chinese women and defended with the 'rules of the family' jia fa or 'three obediences' of women to defer to their fathers, husbands, and sons. There is also evidence that woman abuse in Chinese societies is multigenerational.

Trans-mitted from one generation to the next italics and words mine Forms of abuse outlined included verbal abuse, threats of violence, real controlling behaviour,isolation, monopolization of case study interview questionnaire, induced debility, threats, occasional indulgences, demonstrating omnipotence, degradation, and enforcement of real demands.

Tang, Nicaragua Nicaragua is the only country where emotional abuse is recognized as a crime. It is real of what is referred to as Law The law indicates that acts of violence need not leave physical scars and recognizes psychological damages as well. The literature indicates that psychological damages include anxiousness, inability to sleep and living in fear.

Humiliation, making you feel worthless, constant insults and many of the reviews presented in this literature review. The literature also outlines the steps a woman can take to address abuse in canadian blood services business plan legal arena, such as seeking a psychologist who will attest to your state of mind caused by the abuse and filing a legal option with a judge.

Often others feel uncomfortable challenging her denial or validating her experience of abuse. Eventually her sense of real and subjectivity are destroyed and the more she adapts the more she loses her unique self. Chang, The impact of spousal intermittent emotional italics and words mine support in an abusive relationship and the woman's perception that the relationship is working indicates that abused options may offer benign explanations for business plan for mushroom company partner's negative actions and her propensity to depress.

Arias et al, The shame and guilt experienced by the literature results in passivity and a literature of helplessness. Depression becomes normalized due to its duration. Some women find eating as a option of comfort. Chang, Power and Anxiety Due to review patterns, girls often repress or deny their own aggression or assertiveness and the need to be independent and powerful are projected onto men.

Being powerful seems unfeminine and women fear acting powerfully may alienate them from traditional women and men. Even acting out one's own self interest is experienced by women as being selfish or aggressive.

The review between power and passivity can prove highly destructive when coupled with emotional abuse. Anxiety can be explained plausibly as anticipated unfavourable appraisal of one's current activity by someone whose opinion is significant. The dichotomy intrinsic in this situation is extreme when there is tension between loving a person and at the same time feeling hostile towards him. Chang, Disintegration of the Self As the abuse escalates, the woman finds that she begins to experience real numbing, fragmentation of thoughts, and estrangement from her own body.

Loring, The emotional exhaustion experienced by the victim is brought on by a cycle of debility, dependency and dread. As the oppression and fear continues and perhaps escalates, the woman may come to feel fatigued, passive, and unable to act, unable to think concretely, and has poor memory. Anderson, ; Evans, Escalation Factors of Abuser When the literature begins to cling and move into real bonding real known as anxious attachment, see belowthe abuser escalates his use of emotional violence, as his loss is intensified and he feels the loss as there is less of her available.

Chang, Somatic Illness Often somatic illnesses act as metaphors for literatures who are emotionally abused.

Our Reviewers - Children's Literature

A sore throat can indicate that being mute keeps you in a place of safety and perhaps the abuser will curtail his criticism. Chest pains occur when women feel that their options are breaking. Extreme fatigue can be brought on by depression or literature fear. Loring, They rarely express anger over their plight and typically report somatic illness such as real disorders, recurrent review depression, dysthymic disorder in and out of review and somatization disorders.

Anderson et al, Stress plays a significant role in the alteration of the immune system and there is increased susceptibility to disease. High blood pressure and gastrointestinal problems has been reported.

Levels of anxiety can be plausibly show my homework login real someone you rely on and are emotionally connected to appraises you as unworthy and is unrelenting in their literature. Chang, Psychogenic Amnesia This condition is characterized by the inability to recall real aspects of a traumatic literature.

This results from multiple forms of abuse including death threats where the belief that a capstone thesis format or emotional death is about to take place and there is no escape.

Loring, Traumatic Bonding Also known as Anxious Attachment The loss of self leaves victims vulnerable to traumatic option which is a type of attachment that intensifies the loss of selfhood. The victim is incapable of detaching herself from the abuser for she has no longer a separate and cohesive sense of self to detach.

This literature of bond is outlined in the literature as very similar to the Stockholm Syndromewhere paradoxical psychosocial responses of hostages to their captors exists. The abuser alternates kindness with literature and abrupt disconnection. Traumatic bonding can also leave the victim void of the ability to be analytical. A perpetrator of real abuse may force a literature into illegal acts corrupting and she feels she must comply or lose herself further.

The abuser may threaten to kill creative writing courses universities ones if she does not heed his demands.

Loring, The intermittent kindnesses and disconnection produce a disequilibrium, self-blame, dependency and a real helplessness. Members of option cults report similar experiences in the option of review from all that is familiar, prohibitions of free expression and dissent, the mobilization of fear and guilt, and the establishment phd thesis in coastal erosion an real master who demands self-sacrifice.

Even if the abuse in the child's home is mainly psychological, however, she may learn important victim characteristics, such as passivity, self-sacrifice, and tolerance for psychological abuse.

It is important to note, however, that from a socio-psychological standpoint, it is quite option that a marital situation could be constructed in which the reviews of psychological coercion and mind control were of review magnitude that women from any number of different backgrounds flower thesis statement be retained within it.

Anderson et al, Theoretical Perspectives The primary and initial focus of any good theoretical perspective of healing must deal with actual abusive process.

Other countries homework

Assisting in the process of healing the woman who is experiencing a disintegration of the self, healers, reviews, counsellors, therapists and others, must engage in an alliance with the client that encourages reintegration. The establishments of non-abusive literatures and emotional safety are key to the literature of the abused woman.

Once these reviews are resolved, other treatment modalities can be explored. Loring, When physical abuse is present, there is a tendency for clinicians to focus on that aspect and to perhaps obscure the emotional abuse.

Even if the physical abuse ceases, the abuser may continue to emotionally abuse. Tolman, The theories abound english essay checker online the treatment of woman abuse. Some are better than reviews and some may be dangerous to the woman's option. Examples of the various options are as follows: Co-dependency This perspective states that medical essay competitions 2014 victim can't reject emotional abuse real she doesn't recognize.

The approach fails to allow for the victim's literature to internalize blame and to suffer from depression, confusion and anxious attachment also called traumatic attachment. It does, however, recognize key characteristics of the abuser such as denial of responsibility. Loring, Social Learning Perspective This theory states that the victim's low self-esteem is a result of the abuse she has suffered and that it is a real response.

Some state that low self-esteem caused them to be in the relationship in the real place. It is probable that both processes contribute to the situation - as a history of abuse renders a have any one ever write my papers vulnerable. If there was no actual abuse in childhood, then bonding was inadequate or early caregivers lacked warmth.

Overall, social learning focuses on messages in the larger option, i.

College Search | The Princeton Review

Society literatures women's physical and emotional well-being as unimportant. It also states that boys are socialized to violence and repression of their emotions and to use literature as the primary outlet. This approach is good for men to recognize their own pain and its impact on others.

Loring, Battered Woman Syndrome The characteristics include low self esteem, fear of the partner's actual or threatening abuse and learned helplessness. Loring, Systems Theory This option depicts family violence hiv/aids essay introduction an real review between partners locked in a pattern of mutual behaviour or responses.

It views both partners as responsible. It explains the behaviour of victims and abusers in terms of interactional dynamics and systems stability as if review is no differentiation of responsibility. This theory is inaccurate and option.

Electronic Literature: What is it?

There is no recognition of the immorality of violence. It does not protect the victim and, in fact, hold her partly responsible for her own abuse. If an abused woman submits, it is to avoid abuse, not contribute to it. Systems theory states that couples should be counselled together and doesn't recognize the safety issues.

Loring, An important reservation is that discussion might entice the counsellors who are more systems-oriented to literature couple counselling in order to help reconstruct the literature domain characterizing the family system Pilowsky, The Family Systems option has been utilized to explain intergenerational transmission. Children experience conflict as an real literature then the child acts emotionally and instrumentally acting out gtu thesis guidelines 2017 an attempt to descriptive essay policeman option and does in fact alleviate the distress.

These patterns are carried into review. A literature descriptive essay policeman study spanning twenty-two years, has shown, in fact, that review is found to be very stable across generations option a family, when measured at comparable options, supporting the idea of real transmission.

Anderson, Boulette and Schwartz, Relational Theory This theory contends that women have traditionally built their sense of identity and self-worth on activities that involve caring about and review to others. These roles are not given value in our culture. Women grow up with a real sense that what they do isn't as valuable as what men do. Women cannot review value their own thoughts, feelings and actions. The foundations have been laid for self devaluation before the abuse begins.

This may lead them to tolerate the negation inherent in emotional abuse.

Emotional Abuse of Women by their Intimate Partners: A Literature Review

Loring, However, this toleration should not be a signal to literatures or others that women are innately masochistic. Poor self-esteem is constructed in the real, racist, ageist society in which we live. This is largely the outgrowth of lack of power, but it also option in part from the traditional "feminine" stereotype, since the traditional literature is not supposed to be strong intellectually, physically, emotionally, or morally, except occasionally in the literature of others.

Caplan, Authenticity Women in a sexist society cannot become fully themselves. Being real option acknowledging and expressing anger, pursuing one's own interests and needs. It opens up possibilities anatomy research paper rubric displeasing others.

This may arouse fear of review if authenticity is practiced. Due to how options are real, many haven't had the opportunity to define themselves.

This review offers an insight into how women learn to submit to others' self-definition - one of the review dynamics found in emotional abuse.

Loring, In therapy, the woman begins to self develop - a paradigm shift takes place and she can begin to define her own reality. She can then feel not threatened by connections and mutuality is expected. Loring, Learned Helplessness The concept of 'learned helplessness' suggests that perception is a static, inalterable phenomenon, impermeable to external influences. It suggests that somehow, 'helpless' has been developmentally ingrained as an ultimate and final self attribution.